<!-- wp:image {"id":404} -->
<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/05/Cameras.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-404" /></figure>
<!-- /wp:image -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Or the omni-presence of CCTV cameras. A subject I have been writing about for many years, including <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/life-under-digit-tara-taubman-bassirian-llm/">here</a> and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/keeping-eye-tara-taubman-bassirian-llm/">here</a>.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>I know, big Brother is taking over our streets and buildings. This omniveillance has severe chilling effects on our Fundamental Rights of freedom and human dignity. We are seriously suffocating in our Panoptican society.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><strong>What private CCTV camera surveillance can cause ?</strong></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Record any movement. They are usually not allowed to record voices. They record indistinctly, regardless of criminals or purely innocent walking by.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Because <a href="https://datarainbow.eu/2019/01/22/why-privacy-matters/">privacy matters</a>, CCTVs  have to obey to strict rules : </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>You need :</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:list -->
<ul><li>To inform the public by clear warning, </li><li>Register your cameras with the Information Commissionner, </li><li>Assess the privacy impact of the surveillance recording in a <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/data-protection-impact-assessments-for-surveillance-cameras">DPIA</a>,</li><li>Secure the data collected,</li><li>Limit access to data collected,</li><li>Be ready for anyone to send a Subject Access Request to access the video footage at no cost with obligation to blur third parties faces, </li><li>Ensure that the CCTV images are clear and of a high quality,</li><li>Comply with the comprehensive ICO CCTV <a href="https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/data-protection-self-assessment/cctv-checklist/?fbclid=IwAR0biT_007rE2cbDeMXL4aaRpvXmJcxGCieiV6tbgBGxxdaAqXxt96mQzok">check list</a></li></ul>
<!-- /wp:list -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/282774/SurveillanceCameraCodePractice.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1jQCpXzQh1BnkXrWTdB6SBZ6ScEqHsBaS2HHICoraZHUsYB818lRal5Ac">Surveillance Code of Practice</a> has not yet been updated to comply with the GDPR. It states "<em>Principle 7 - Access to retained images and information should be restricted and there must be clearly defined rules on who can gain access and for what purpose such access is granted; the disclosure of images and information should only take place when it is necessary for such a purpose or for law enforcement purposes.</em>" </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>What is the nature of the pictures recorded by the CCTV cameras?</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>GDPR require higher protection for '<em>special category data'</em>. Recital 51 clarifies when pictures can be considered of 'special category' or as previously called '<em>sensitive data</em>' : “<em>Those personal data should include personal data revealing <strong>racial or ethnic origin</strong>, whereby the use of the term ‘racial origin’”: photographs should not systematically be considered to be processing of SC of PD as they are covered by the definition of biometric data only when processed through a specific technical means allowing the unique identification or authentication of a natural person</em>."</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>"<em>The processing of photographs should not systematically be considered to be processing of special categories of personal data as they are covered by the definition of biometric data only when processed through a specific technical means allowing the unique identification or authentication of a natural person.</em>"  <a href="https://iapp.org/news/a/ask-the-privacy-expert/)">IAPP comments</a> </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Therefore when a CCTV footage reveal an image identifying racial or ethic origin, by the colour of the skin or any external religious sign, they should be considered special category data. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><strong>A management company intend to use CCTV images to name and shame fly tippers.</strong></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The <a href="https://ico.org.uk/your-data-matters/cctv/?fbclid=IwAR2ukAzVv4yVY9KEv5zFUkSRb6g7Va1q07Xti8AdyqX3rQv_lzdyOmEq4qE">UK ICO specifically request</a> that "<em>CCTV operators are not allowed to disclose images of identifiable people to the media - or to put them on the internet - for entertainment. Images released to the media to help identify a person are usually disclosed by the police.</em>" <a rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fico.org.uk%2Fyour-data-matters%2Fcctv%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2mHJ3YdgIEo95OlkNPQEJIhtq8sddhUeFGLLwdLxP41EHuZhNcZi9AThs&amp;h=AT0KGO2z-vp79YdW98JcL8ySgXe0Yz8BlIB9Aw4UjOdZPWLZjN23jXvoxryzS0d4tVZboM1vwGJSvrO7OjOPiFXd2Ed1703uY3cA3Xvs0OgiZeUxQCoj7zy7FOtKZ-I6PeHcGQAnxg"> </a></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Naming and shaming will result in identifying, revealing racial, ethnic, religious origins and eventually capture minors.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>When public naming and shaming, they should be ready for this sort of out of control incidents <a rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-11087061?fbclid=IwAR3JwAi7npCRmC_pkVcHyAM-D0LaEPt4xz62wYpX7uqsZj5TA9EBukD0TuQ">https://www.bbc.co.uk/.../uk-england-coventry...</a></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><strong>The issue of securing the data collected</strong></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>CCTV cameras are easily hackable as shown in <a href="https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2019-05-02/chinas-mass-surveillance-app-hacked-code-reveals-specific-criterea-illegal?fbclid=IwAR3Vl1RuX8GW2fSYdixxxrKb9rE038S7MZ5rLO0srl3mJ2zAZwL3po1BCMg">this case</a> and therefore a burden to keep safe. Cameras footage can be interecepted to <a href="https://clarinettesblog.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/would-you-like-a-webcam-in-your-bedrooms-and-bathrooms-broadcating-live/">broadcast live online</a>.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Do you want to give access to your data footage to any hacker? <a href="https://paulbernal.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/do-you-want-a-camera-in-your-kids-bedroom/">Read more here</a>.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><strong>Privacy, necessity and the balance of proportionality</strong></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Privacy is a fundamental human rights resulting of the Article 8 ECHR. In the context of fundamental rights, such as the right to the protection of personal data, proportionality is key for any limitation on these rights. It is a requirement before deploying any process to consider the balance between the means used and the intended aim. '<em>Proportionality requires that advantages due to limiting the right are not outweighed by the disadvantages to exercise the right.  In other words, the limitation on the right must be justified. Safeguards accompanying a measure can support the justification of a measure.  A pre-condition is that the measure is adequate to achieve the envisaged objective. In addition, when assessing the processing of personal data, proportionality requires that only that personal data which is adequate and relevant for the purposes of the processing is collected and processed.</em>' The EDPB has published an <a href="https://edps.europa.eu/sites/edp/files/publication/17-06-01_necessity_toolkit_final_en_0.pdf">Assessment and Necessity Toolkit</a>.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Balancing fairness and proportionality</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Article 6(1)f  lawful ground of processing personal data balancing exercises require it to be ‘<em>necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by a third party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject</em>’. In other words, the legitimate interests of the controller <em>and</em> those of third parties against the interests, fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject have to be balanced. The legitimate interest of the data controlor has to be balanced against the individual’s interests, rights and freedoms. Where same result can reasonably be achieved in a less intrusive way the legitimate interests basis for processing will not apply.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>The balance of rights between the use of CCTV cameras naming and shaming and the rights of individuals can be considered <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/.../facial-recognition...">excessive and out of proportion</a>.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>When publicly naming and shaming,  this sort of <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-11087061">out of control incidents </a>should be expected. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>I understand dumping is bad but it doesn't justify destroying someone's life and reputation. <a href="https://datarainbow.eu/2019/01/22/why-privacy-matters/">Internet memory is indelible</a>. In a more legal term, it doesn't stand the balance of proportionality to publish the footage. </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>When the same result could be achieved in a less intrusive way </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>In Frankfurt/Germany, twice a month residents would leave outside their unwanted items for the council vans to pick up. Sadly in UK in many areas, they are insuffisant recycling centers, some have even started to charge. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/nicole.holt4">N</a></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>In fine, the balance of proportionality has in one side the constant nuisance caused by dumping and on the other hand, fundamental rights and freedom of innocent residents and their visitors, the security of the network, unauthorised access to CCTV footage, over-reliance on technology and mis-identification of perpetrators, excessive and out of control online reactions, Data subject Subject Access Requests,  </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>As example of issues created by pictures posted online to identify criminals: </p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><a href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/dont-be-a-sucker-the-white-van-speaker-scam-explained/">The white van speaker scam explained, and how it moved to Craigslist and Facebook</a></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p><a href="https://www.thejournal.ie/paris-white-van-4566347-Mar2019/">How an internet hoax about a 'white van kidnapper' sparked violence in Paris</a></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Was Mary Bale the most evil person in Britain to deserve to be publicly named and shamed <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/is-mary-bale-the-most-evil-woman-in-britain-2064733.html">that way</a>? <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/is-mary-bale-the-most-evil-woman-in-britain-2064733.html">The sad reputation of the woman who dumped her cat in a bin. </a></p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->

<!-- wp:paragraph -->
<p>Does it worth the cost? I hope you share my view to answer no. Help me to explain to privacy consultants why CCTV cameras combined with naming and shaming of dumpers is not a great idea.</p>
<!-- /wp:paragraph -->